Sustainable Development Goals
PRELIMS: Sustainable Development
MAINS: General Studies 3
India played a prominent role in the formulation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 and much of the country’s National Development Agenda is mirrored in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The progress of the world to meet the SDGs largely depends on India’s progress. However, with 17 Goals, 169 Targets and 306 National indicators, the SDGs might be difficult to grasp and understand, and defining and measuring success poses a challenge.
What is Sustainable development?
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) emphasised the concept of Sustainable development. It means – meet the need of presentation generation without compromising the needs of future generations.
What is Sustainable development?
It is a global action plan for healthy life and wellbeing for all. United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals on 2015 mainly to eradicate Poverty and hunger for all. Total 17 Sustainable development goals, 69 Targets and 306 National indicators were integrated and 193 member countries pledged to reach the target by 2030. They are as follows:
| SL NO | SDG’S |
|---|---|
| Goal 1 | NO POVERTY |
| Goal 2 | ZERO HUNGER |
| Goal 3 | GOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING |
| Goal 4 | QUALITY EDUCATION |
| Goal 5 | GENDER EQUALITY |
| Goal 6 | CLEAN WATER AND SANITISATION |
| Goal 7 | AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY |
| Goal 8 | DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH |
| Goal 9 | IDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE |
| Goal 10 | REDUCED INEQUALITIES |
| Goal 11 | SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES |
| Goal 12 | RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION |
| Goal 13 | CLIMATE ACTION |
| Goal 14 | LIFE BELOW WATER |
| Goal 15 | LIFE ON LAND |
| Goal 16 | PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS |
| Goal 17 | PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS |
India and Sustainable Development Goals:
India being one of the leading developing country, plays a vital role in reaching the Sustainable development goals. Its performance are as follows:
| Report 2018 | Report 2019-20 | Report 2020-21 |
|---|---|---|
| 13 goals | 16 goals + qualitative analysis on goal 17 | 16 goals + qualitative analysis on goal 17 |
| 39 targets | 54 targets | 70 targets |
| 62 indicators | 100 indicators | 115 indicators |
Goal-wise India results, 2019–20 and 2020–21:
From the above data, we can easily identify that in SDG’s 7 that is AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY India achieved 92% by reaching 61.40% households in using clean cooking fuel – LPG and 99.99% of households have access to electricity. Soon, Indian will reach 100% in SDG 7. It achieved 83% in SDG 6 by reaching HOUSEHOLD WITH TOILETS 100% in Rural areas and 97.22% in Urban areas. 95.5% of households have improved source of drinking water, 97.43% of schools have separate toilet for girls, 87.62% of polluting industries comply with central pollution control board norms for waste water treatment.
In sustainable development goals 3, 10, 11, 12, 15 and 16 India crossed more than 67% and soon it will reach to 85% in these goals.
In sustainable development goals 2 (Zero Hunger) and goal 5 (Gender Equality) it achieved only 47% and 48%, because in SDG 2 50.3% of pregnant women aged between 15 – 49 years are anaemic, 33.40% children aged 0-4 years are underweighting even today. 34.7% children aged under five in India are stunted and 40.5% children between 6 – 59 months are anaemic. In SDG 5, India is lagging behind, 8.32% of seats in the state legislative assemblies are held by women, 17.5% female labour force participation rate and 896 females per 1000 males.
India is a hub of domestic violence and sexual crime against girl child, even Government introduced BETI BACHAO BETI PADAO programme but it wasn’t successful up to the mark.