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UK Parliament Moves to End Hereditary Peers System

Why in the News ?

The UK Parliament has approved the Hereditary Peers Bill, aiming to remove the remaining hereditary peers from the House of Lords. The reform fulfils a key pledge of Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s government to modernise the upper chamber of Britain’s Parliament.

Bill to Remove Hereditary Peers from House of Lords:

  • The British Parliament has passed legislation to end the centuries-old system of hereditary peers holding seats in the House of Lords.

  • Under the Hereditary Peers Bill, individuals will no longer be allowed to sit in the Upper House solely because of inherited aristocratic titles.

  • The reform was introduced by the Labour government led by Prime Minister Keir Starmer, which pledged to modernise Britain’s parliamentary institutions.

  • The Leader of the House of Lords, Angela Smith, stated that membership of the chamber should be based on merit and public service rather than birthright.

  • The decision marks a major step in the long-running process of reforming the House of Lords, aimed at making it more democratic and representative.

Background and Political Significance of the Reform

  • Before this legislation, 92 hereditary peers still retained the right to sit and vote in the House of Lords.

  • This arrangement was originally introduced as a temporary compromise in 1999, when over 600 hereditary peers were removed during reforms under Prime Minister Tony Blair.

  • The continued presence of hereditary peers had been widely criticised as inconsistent with modern democratic principles.

  • The new law completes the reform process initiated more than 25 years ago, gradually eliminating aristocratic privileges in parliamentary representation.

  • The reform reflects broader efforts to increase transparency, accountability, and democratic legitimacy within the UK’s parliamentary system.

Understanding Structure of the UK Parliament:

●  The United Kingdom Parliament is a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Commons (Lower House) and the House of Lords (Upper House).

●  The House of Commons is composed of elected Members of Parliament (MPs) who represent constituencies across the UK.

●  The House of Lords acts primarily as a revising chamber, scrutinising legislation passed by the Commons and suggesting amendments.

●  Members of the Lords include life peers appointed by the Prime Minister or an independent commission, as well as bishops from the Church of England.

●  Unlike the Commons, the House of Lords does not have the power to permanently block legislation, but it plays a key role in reviewing and debating laws.