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India’s Female Employment Rate Nearly Doubles Since 2017

Why in the News?

The Ministry of Labour and Employment announced that India’s female employment rate nearly doubled between 2017-18 and 2023-24, as per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS). Women’s unemployment fell sharply, and participation in both formal and unorganized sectors has significantly increased.

Key Trends in Female Employment Growth:

  • Employment Rate:

    • Female unemployment rate dropped from 5.6% (2017-18) to 3.2% (2023-24).

  • Rural vs Urban Divide:

    • Rural India: Female employment grew by 96%.

    • Urban India: Female employment rose by 43% in the same period.

  • MSMEs & Entrepreneurship:

    • The number of women-led MSMEs doubled between 2010-11 and 2023-24, reflecting greater women’s participation in entrepreneurship.

  • Labour Force Entry:

    • Over 1.56 crore women joined the formal workforce in the last seven years.

Key Government Initiatives Supporting Women’s Workforce Participation:

  • e-Shram Portal:

    • More than 16 crore women workers from the unorganized sector have been registered, enabling access to social security schemes.

  • Skill Development & MSME Support:

    • Training, credit support, and self-employment schemes have empowered women entrepreneurs.

  • Policy Emphasis:

    • Labour Ministry credited reforms in social security, rural employment schemes, and women-centric MSME support for this rise.

  • Significance:

    • Reflects progress towards gender inclusivity in the labour market, especially in traditionally male-dominated sectors.

Understanding Female Labour Force Participation in India:

  • Definition:

    • Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR): Percentage of women engaged in economic activities (workforce + seeking work).

  • Challenges in India:

    • Social barriers, unpaid care work, gender wage gap, and safety issues restrict higher participation.

  • Trends:

    • India’s FLFPR historically low compared to global average but has shown positive momentum post-2017.

 

The significant increase in female employment rates marks a positive step towards gender equality in India’s workforce. Continued efforts to address remaining challenges and support women’s economic empowerment will be crucial for sustaining this progress.