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Mains Capsule

  • Mains Capsule

 

GS Mains Capsule

PAPER 1: History, Art & Culture, Society, Geography

1. History & Indian Heritage

  • Ancient India: Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Age, Mauryan & Gupta Empires
  • Medieval India: Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Bhakti & Sufi Movements
  • Modern India (1757–1947): British Policies, Socio-Religious Movements, Freedom Struggle
  • Post-Independence India: Integration of States, Green Revolution, Economic Policies

2. Art & Culture

  • Classical & Folk Dances, Music, Paintings
  • UNESCO Heritage Sites in India
  • Architecture – Ancient, Medieval, Modern
  • Literature & Performing Arts

3. Society & Social Issues

  • Diversity of India – Linguistic, Regional, Religious, Ethnic
  • Issues – Caste, Women Empowerment, LGBTQ+, Child Labor
  • Welfare Policies – MNREGA, Beti Bachao, Ayushman Bharat
  • Globalization & Social Change

4. Geography

  • Physical Geography: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tsunamis, Climate Patterns
  • Indian Geography: Himalayas, Rivers, Plateau, Agriculture, Natural Disasters
  • World Geography: Geophysical Phenomena, Climate Change

PAPER 2: Polity, Governance & International Relations

1. Indian Constitution & Polity

  • Preamble, Fundamental Rights, DPSPs
  • Parliament & State Legislatures – Powers, Functions
  • Judiciary – SC, HC, PIL, Judicial Reforms
  • Federalism – Centre-State Relations, GST Council

2. Governance & Public Administration

  • Civil Services, Ethics in Governance
  • Transparency – RTI, Citizen Charter
  • Welfare Schemes – Education, Health, Social Justice

3. International Relations

  • India & Neighbors – Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka, Nepal
  • Major Global Organizations – UN, WTO, IMF, WHO
  • International Treaties – Paris Agreement, QUAD, AUKUS
  • India’s Soft Power – Diaspora, Culture Diplomacy

PAPER 3: Economy, Science & Tech, Environment, Security

1. Indian Economy

  • Economic Growth – GDP, Inflation, Fiscal Policy
  • Agriculture – MSP, Farm Bills, FPOs
  • Banking & Finance – RBI, Monetary Policy, Financial Inclusion
  • Infrastructure – Roads, Railways, Smart Cities

2. Science & Technology

  • Space – ISRO Missions, Chandrayaan, Gaganyaan
  • AI, Blockchain, 5G, Cyber Security
  • Biotech – GM Crops, Vaccines, Stem Cells
  • Renewable Energy – Solar, Wind, Green Hydrogen

3. Environment & Ecology

  • Climate Change – COP Summits, IPCC Reports
  • Conservation – Project Tiger, Ramsar Sites, Afforestation
  • Pollution Control – Air, Water, Noise, Plastic Waste

4. Internal Security & Disaster Management

  • Border Security – LAC, LOC, Indo-Pacific Strategy
  • Naxalism & Insurgency – AFSPA, Northeast Issues
  • Cyber Security – Data Protection, Social Media Threats
  • Terrorism – Global & Domestic Challenges

PAPER 4: Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude

1. Ethics & Human Values

  • Philosophical Thinkers – Gandhian Ethics, Kant, Aristotle
  • Integrity, Objectivity, Probity in Public Life
  • Work Ethics – Honesty, Accountability

2. Emotional Intelligence & Aptitude

  • Decision-Making in Administration
  • Emotional Intelligence – Importance & Application

3. Public Administration & Ethics

  • Code of Conduct for Civil Servants
  • Role of Ethics in Public Service
  • Corruption – Lokpal, CVC, Whistleblower Protection

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