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BANKING MODERN HISTORY

  • BANKING MODERN HISTORY

BANKING - Modern History Awareness Guide

Modern Indian history traces the impact of British rule, resistance movements, and the eventual independence of India. This period witnessed significant political, economic, and social transformations, including the rise of nationalism, social reforms, and the Indian freedom struggle.

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1️⃣ ARRIVAL & EXPANSION OF THE BRITISH IN INDIA

  • Arrival of Europeans: Portuguese, Dutch, British, French
  • Battle of Plassey (1757) & Battle of Buxar (1764)
  • British Economic Policies: Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari
  • Doctrine of Lapse & Subsidiary Alliance

2️⃣ BRITISH ECONOMIC & ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES

  • Drain of Wealth Theory (Dadabhai Naoroji)
  • Impact of British Land Revenue Policies
  • Deindustrialization & Famines under British Rule
  • Introduction of Railways, Telegraph, & Modern Administration

3️⃣ REVOLT OF 1857 – THE FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

  • Causes: Political, Economic, Social, Religious, & Military
  • Leaders & Key Regions: Rani Lakshmibai, Nana Sahib, Bahadur Shah Zafar
  • Suppression & Reasons for Failure
  • Impact on British Policies

4️⃣ SOCIAL & RELIGIOUS REFORM MOVEMENTS

  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy & Brahmo Samaj
  • Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar & Widow Remarriage Act (1856)
  • Jyotirao Phule & Satya Shodhak Samaj
  • Swami Dayananda Saraswati & Arya Samaj
  • Swami Vivekananda & Ramakrishna Mission

5️⃣ RISE OF INDIAN NATIONALISM (1858-1905)

  • Formation of the Indian National Congress (1885)
  • Moderates vs. Extremists – Key Leaders & Differences
  • Partition of Bengal (1905) & Swadeshi Movement

6️⃣ REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

  • Chapekar Brothers, Anushilan Samiti, & Abhinav Bharat
  • Ghadar Movement & Komagata Maru Incident (1914)
  • Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) & Bhagat Singh
  • Kakori Conspiracy (1925) & Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930)

7️⃣ IMPORTANT NATIONAL MOVEMENTS

  • Home Rule Movement (1916) – Tilak & Annie Besant
  • Rowlatt Act (1919) & Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) & Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)
  • Quit India Movement (1942) – “Do or Die” Call

8️⃣ GROWTH OF COMMUNALISM & DEMAND FOR PAKISTAN

  • Formation of the Muslim League (1906)
  • Lucknow Pact (1916) – Hindu-Muslim Unity
  • Jinnah’s Fourteen Points (1929) & Lahore Resolution (1940)
  • Direct Action Day (1946) & Partition of India (1947)

9️⃣ ROLE OF SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE & INA

  • Formation of Forward Bloc (1939)
  • Escape to Germany & Japan (1941–1943)
  • Formation & Battles of Azad Hind Fauj (INA)
  • INA Trials & Impact on Indian Independence

🔟 INDIAN INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION (1947)

  • Cripps Mission (1942) & Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
  • Mountbatten Plan (1947) & Indian Independence Act (1947)
  • Impact of Partition – Mass Migration & Communal Riots
  • Role of Leaders: Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, Jinnah
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